This type of electrical cable, commonly available at major home improvement retailers, consists of three conductors plus a ground wire, encased within a protective outer jacket. Each conductor is typically made of copper. A frequent application is for wiring 120-volt circuits, such as those powering standard household outlets and lighting fixtures, found in residential construction. The 12 indicates the American Wire Gauge (AWG) size of the conductors, while the 3 specifies the number of current-carrying conductors.
Its widespread use stems from its ability to handle the current demands of typical household appliances and lighting, ensuring safe and reliable power distribution within a home. The presence of a dedicated ground wire is a critical safety feature, providing a path for fault currents to flow, thereby minimizing the risk of electrical shock. Its standardization and availability have made it a staple in electrical projects, contributing to the safety and efficiency of residential electrical systems for decades.
